CPU
CPU
Some applications will spread cpu load evenly on a multi-core system, others will peg one CPU and ignore the others. Look at top, P
or commands like: ps
to see top CPU hogs.
ps -e -o pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pcpu | head -n 11
%CPU %MEM COMMAND
0.2 8.0 /usr/sbin/mariadbd
0.1 6.3 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
0.1 6.3 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
0.0 6.2 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
0.0 6.1 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
0.0 6.1 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
0.0 6.1 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
0.0 5.4 /lib/systemd/systemd-journald
0.0 2.0 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
0.0 1.7 /usr/lib/snapd/snapd
You can see all CPU and their loads by running the top command and then hitting the “1” key:
What | Description |
---|---|
us | some user model process is doing pure computational work, like maybe that python script you just wrote |
sy | kernel level things such as memory management, console, network devices |
id | idle time. CPU is just doing nothing |
what type of cpu do I have?
lscpu
└─$ lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 24
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-23
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
Model name: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700HX
CPU family: 6
Model: 191
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 16
Socket(s): 1
Stepping: 2
CPU(s) scaling MHz: 20%
CPU max MHz: 5000.0000
CPU min MHz: 800.0000
BogoMIPS: 4608.00
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology
nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm a
bm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced tpr_shadow flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb intel_pt sha_ni xs
aveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves split_lock_detect avx_vnni dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_pkg_req hfi vnmi umip pku ospke waitpkg gfni vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid movdiri movdir64b fsrm
md_clear serialize arch_lbr ibt flush_l1d arch_capabilities
Virtualization features:
Virtualization: VT-x
Caches (sum of all):
L1d: 640 KiB (16 instances)
L1i: 768 KiB (16 instances)
L2: 14 MiB (10 instances)
L3: 30 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA:
NUMA node(s): 1
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-23
Vulnerabilities:
Gather data sampling: Not affected
Itlb multihit: Not affected
L1tf: Not affected
Mds: Not affected
Meltdown: Not affected
Mmio stale data: Not affected
Retbleed: Not affected
Spec rstack overflow: Not affected
Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Spectre v2: Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS, IBPB conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence
Srbds: Not affected
Tsx async abort: Not affected
inxi
inxi -CfxCa
CPU:
Info: model: 13th Gen Intel Core i7-13700HX bits: 64 type: MST AMCP
arch: Raptor Lake gen: core 13 level: v3 note: check built: 2022+
process: Intel 7 (10nm) family: 6 model-id: 0xBF (191) stepping: 2
microcode: 0x32
Topology: cpus: 1x cores: 16 mt: 8 tpc: 2 st: 8 threads: 24 smt: enabled
cache: L1: 1.4 MiB desc: d-8x32 KiB, 8x48 KiB; i-8x32 KiB, 8x64 KiB
L2: 14 MiB desc: 8x1.2 MiB, 2x2 MiB L3: 30 MiB desc: 1x30 MiB
Speed (MHz): avg: 899 high: 1357 min/max: 800/4800:5000:3700 scaling:
driver: intel_pstate governor: powersave cores: 1: 1274 2: 800 3: 800 4: 800
5: 1038 6: 800 7: 953 8: 800 9: 800 10: 800 11: 1357 12: 1095 13: 1097
14: 800 15: 917 16: 800 17: 800 18: 909 19: 800 20: 800 21: 800 22: 881
23: 866 24: 800 bogomips: 110592
Flags: 3dnowprefetch abm acpi adx aes aperfmperf apic arat
arch_capabilities arch_lbr arch_perfmon art avx avx2 avx_vnni bmi1 bmi2
bts clflush clflushopt clwb cmov constant_tsc cpuid cpuid_fault cx16 cx8
de ds_cpl dtes64 dtherm dts epb ept ept_ad erms est f16c flexpriority
flush_l1d fma fpu fsgsbase fsrm fxsr gfni hfi ht hwp hwp_act_window
hwp_epp hwp_notify hwp_pkg_req ibpb ibrs ibrs_enhanced ibt ida intel_pt
invpcid lahf_lm lm mca mce md_clear mmx monitor movbe movdir64b movdiri
msr mtrr nonstop_tsc nopl nx ospke pae pat pbe pclmulqdq pdcm pdpe1gb
pebs pge pku pln pni popcnt pse pse36 pts rdpid rdrand rdseed rdtscp
rep_good sdbg sep serialize sha_ni smap smep ss ssbd sse sse2 sse4_1
sse4_2 ssse3 stibp syscall tm tm2 tpr_shadow tsc tsc_adjust
tsc_deadline_timer tsc_known_freq umip vaes vme vmx vnmi vpclmulqdq vpid
waitpkg x2apic xgetbv1 xsave xsavec xsaveopt xsaves xtopology xtpr
Vulnerabilities:
Type: gather_data_sampling status: Not affected
Type: itlb_multihit status: Not affected
Type: l1tf status: Not affected
Type: mds status: Not affected
Type: meltdown status: Not affected
Type: mmio_stale_data status: Not affected
Type: retbleed status: Not affected
Type: spec_rstack_overflow status: Not affected
Type: spec_store_bypass mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via
prctl
Type: spectre_v1 mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer
sanitization
Type: spectre_v2 mitigation: Enhanced IBRS, IBPB: conditional, RSB
filling, PBRSB-eIBRS: SW sequence
Type: srbds status: Not affected
Type: tsx_async_abort status: Not affected
CPU Benchmarks
└─$ sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime numbers limit: 20000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
CPU speed:
events per second: 1260.00
General statistics:
total time: 10.0004s
total number of events: 12602
Latency (ms):
min: 0.79
avg: 0.79
max: 0.87
95th percentile: 0.80
sum: 9998.97
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 12602.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 9.9990/0.00